Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Geriatrics for May 2012. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.
Slow-Growing Melanomas Lose Structure, Vary Color With Time
THURSDAY, May 31 (HealthDay News) -- The diameter of most slow-growing melanomas (SGMs) changes very little over time, but the lesions can become more disorganized, less structured, and change or develop new colors, according to a study published in the June issue of the British Journal of Dermatology.
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White Matter Integrity Linked to Intelligence in Elderly
THURSDAY, May 31 (HealthDay News) -- Differences in white matter integrity in the brain account for some of the variation in general intelligence in elderly individuals, with their effect mediated by information-processing speed, according to a study published online May 22 in Molecular Psychiatry.
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Cardiovascular Risk Counseling Improves Statin Adherence
THURSDAY, May 31 (HealthDay News) -- For patients taking statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), extended care with nurse-led cardiovascular risk-factor counseling improves statin adherence and reduces anxiety, with improvements seen in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for primary prevention patients, according to a study published online May 24 in The American Journal of Cardiology.
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Genetic Personality Traits May Play Role in Longevity
THURSDAY, May 31 (HealthDay News) -- Centenarians often have a positive outlook on life, are less likely to be neurotic, and are more likely to be conscientious, suggesting that genetically-based aspects of personality play a role in longevity, according to a study published online May 21 in Aging.
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Repeat CT Scan Urged for Head Trauma Patients on Warfarin
WEDNESDAY, May 30 (HealthDay News) -- Minor head trauma patients taking warfarin should have a repeat computed tomography (CT) scan prior to discharge to detect delayed hemorrhage, particularly in those with an initial international normalized ratio (INR) higher than 3, according to research published in the June issue of the Annals of Emergency Medicine.
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Link Between Obesity and Lower-Extremity Lymphedema Explored
WEDNESDAY, May 30 (HealthDay News) -- Lower-extremity lymphedema may be due to extreme obesity, as there appears to be a body mass index (BMI) threshold above which lymphatic flow becomes impaired, according to a letter to the editor published in the May 31 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Working Night Shift May Increase Breast Cancer Risk
WEDNESDAY, May 30 (HealthDay News) -- There may be an increased risk of developing breast cancer among women who work night shifts, according to a study published online May 29 in Occupational & Environmental Medicine.
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Protein Elevated in Stroke Patients With Microbleeds
WEDNESDAY, May 30 (HealthDay News) -- Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a marker of vascular permeability, are significantly higher in stroke patients with cerebral microbleeds, according to a study published online May 28 in the Archives of Neurology.
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Diabetes Linked to Lung Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
WEDNESDAY, May 30 (HealthDay News) -- Postmenopausal women with diabetes are at a significantly higher risk of developing lung cancer, particularly if they require insulin therapy, according to research published online May 22 in Diabetes Care.
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Lower Limb Muscle Limitations Hamper Walking in Diabetes
TUESDAY, May 29 (HealthDay News) -- In older adults, diabetes correlates with slower walking speed, and diabetes-linked reductions in muscle strength and worse muscle quality contribute to these walking limitations, according to a study published online May 17 in Diabetes Care.
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Family History of Alzheimer's Affects Functional Connectivity
FRIDAY, May 25 (HealthDay News) -- Cognitively normal individuals with a family history of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) may display lower resting state functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) of the brain, and this effect is detectable even in those who do not carry the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, according to a study published online May 9 in the Annals of Neurology.
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Upping Dietary Calcium Buys No Big Cardiovascular Benefit
FRIDAY, May 25 (HealthDay News) -- Increasing dietary calcium intake might not offer significant cardiovascular benefits, but intake through calcium supplements might raise myocardial infarction (MI) risk, according to a study published online May 23 in Heart.
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Magnesium Not Recommended After Subarachnoid Bleed
FRIDAY, May 25 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, intravenous magnesium sulfate is no better than placebo for reduction of poor outcome, according to a study published online May 25 in The Lancet to coincide with presentation at the European Stroke Conference, held from May 22 to 25 in Lisbon, Portugal.
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Common Therapies for Basal Cell Carcinoma Offer Similar Survival
FRIDAY, May 25 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC), treatment with imiquimod or photodynamic therapy (PDT) results in similar long-term tumor-free survival, according to a review published online May 21 in the British Journal of Dermatology.
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Peritonitis Ups Odds of Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
FRIDAY, May 25 (HealthDay News) -- Among patients who die while on peritoneal dialysis, peritonitis is associated with mortality, with the highest odds for peritonitis in the 30 days before death, according to a study published online May 24 in the Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.
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Low Vitamin D Intake Tied to Risk of Thromboembolic Stroke
THURSDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- In Japanese-American men, low dietary vitamin D intake is associated with an increased risk of all stroke and thromboembolic stroke during a 34-year follow-up period, according to a study published online May 24 in Stroke.
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U.S. Stroke Prevalence Little Changed in Recent Years
THURSDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- The prevalence of stroke in the United States has changed little over the past seven years, and disparities by race/ethnicity, education level, and geographic location still persist, according to a study published in the May 25 issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report.
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One-Fifth of Healthy Middle-Aged Men Have Low-Grade Murmur
THURSDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- More than one-fifth of healthy middle-aged men have a low-grade systolic heart murmur that confers a nearly five-fold higher risk of future aortic valve replacement (AVR), according to a study published in the June issue of the Journal of Internal Medicine.
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New Estimates Up Dementia Rates in Mid-Income Countries
WEDNESDAY, May 23 (HealthDay News) -- Use of 10/66 dementia diagnosis criteria (10/66) results in an increase in the estimated incidence of dementia in middle-income countries, according to a study published online May 23 in The Lancet.
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Treatment With rt-PA Within Six Hours of Stroke Beneficial
WEDNESDAY, May 23 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with acute ischemic stroke, treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) within six hours is associated with improved outcomes, according to two studies published online May 23 in The Lancet to coincide with presentation at the European Stroke Conference, held from May 22 to 25 in Lisbon, Portugal.
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Aspirin Effective in Preventing Thromboembolism Recurrence
WEDNESDAY, May 23 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism who have completed oral anticoagulant treatment, aspirin effectively prevents recurrence, with no apparent increase in the risk of major bleeding, according to a study published in the May 24 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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CPAP Use May Reduce Risk of Hypertension in Apnea Patients
TUESDAY, May 22 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) without daytime sleepiness, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) does not significantly affect the incidence of hypertension or cardiovascular events; however, regular use of CPAP may reduce the increased risk of incident hypertension seen among patients with OSA, according to two studies published in the May 23/30 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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For Older Women, Saturated Fats Linked to Worse Cognition
TUESDAY, May 22 (HealthDay News) -- For older women, higher saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake correlates with worse global cognition and verbal memory trajectories, while higher intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) correlates with improved trajectories, according to a study published online May 17 in the Annals of Neurology.
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Weight Loss Reduces Potential Breast Cancer Biomarkers
TUESDAY, May 22 (HealthDay News) -- Postmenopausal weight loss through diet and the combination of diet and exercise is associated with a significant reduction in serum estrogens and free testosterone, according to a study published online May 21 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Post-Stroke Inpatient Statins Improve Discharge Outcomes
TUESDAY, May 22 (HealthDay News) -- Statin use during hospitalization for ischemic stroke significantly improves the likelihood of being discharged to home or institution, according to a study published in the May 22 issue of Neurology.
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U.S. Task Force Recommends Against PSA-Based Screening
MONDAY, May 21 (HealthDay News) -- The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends against the use of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for men in the general U.S. population, according to new guidelines published online May 21 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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White Matter of Abstinent Alcoholics Recovers Over Time
MONDAY, May 21 (HealthDay News) -- Based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the microstructural changes seen in the genu and body of the corpus callosum in recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients are found to improve after one year of abstinence, according to research published online May 2 in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research.
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Altered Amino Acid Metabolism Precedes Hyperglycemia
MONDAY, May 21 (HealthDay News) -- In a population of middle-aged men and women, branched-chain and aromatic amino acid metabolism alterations precede the development of hyperglycemia, and alanine, lactate, tyrosine, and pyruvate predict postchallenge glucose, according to a study published online May 4 in Diabetes Care.
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Gene Expression Profile Testing Increasing in Breast Cancer
THURSDAY, May 17 (HealthDay News) -- From 2006 to 2008, the use of gene expression profile (GEP) testing increased, correlating with a decrease in the percentage of women with hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, according to a study published online May 14 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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PEG Tubes Linked to Increased Risk of New Pressure Ulcers
THURSDAY, May 17 (HealthDay News) -- Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) feeding tubes significantly increase the risk of new pressure ulcers and do not promote the healing of existing pressure ulcers in nursing home residents with advanced cognitive impairment, according to a study published in the May 14 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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Generic Versions of Plavix Approved
THURSDAY, May 17 (HealthDay News) -- The first generic versions of Plavix (clopidogrel bisulfate) have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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Causality Link Between HDL Cholesterol, MI Challenged
THURSDAY, May 17 (HealthDay News) -- Genetic mechanisms that are associated with high plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol do not reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), adding question to causality of link, according to a study published online May 17 in The Lancet.
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Predictors of Length of Hospital Stay After Spine Surgery ID'd
THURSDAY, May 17 (HealthDay News) -- A variety of pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors contribute to increased length of stay (LOS) for patients who undergo level 1 minimally invasive (MIS) transforaminal interbody fusions (TLIF) spine surgery, according to a study published online May 8 in Spine.
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Statins Benefit Those at Low Risk for Vascular Events
THURSDAY, May 17 (HealthDay News) -- Reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with statins is associated with a decrease in major vascular events, even for individuals with a five-year risk of less than 10 percent, according to research published online May 17 in The Lancet.
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Azithromycin Tied to Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality
WEDNESDAY, May 16 (HealthDay News) -- Azithromycin treatment is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, according to a study published in the May 16 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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CDC: 35th Report on the Health of the Nation Published
WEDNESDAY, May 16 (HealthDay News) -- The 35th report on the health status of the United States in 2011 has been published online May 16 by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).
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Repeated Revascularization Doesn't Aid High-Risk Patients
WEDNESDAY, May 16 (HealthDay News) -- For asymptomatic patients who are identified as high-risk by exercise echocardiography (ExE) after coronary revascularization, repeated revascularization is not associated with improved outcomes, according to a study published online May 14 in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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Many People With Dementia Die at Home
WEDNESDAY, May 16 (HealthDay News) -- Individuals with dementia often live and die at home, and most transitions to a nursing home follow hospitalization, according to a study published in the May issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
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Diagonal Ear Lobe Crease Tied to Coronary Artery Disease
WEDNESDAY, May 16 (HealthDay News) -- Diagonal ear lobe crease (DELC) is independently and significantly associated with the prevalence, extent, and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), according to a study published in the May 1 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology.
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Better Outcomes at High-Volume Stroke Centers
TUESDAY, May 15 (HealthDay News) -- High-volume endovascular stroke centers provide faster times to treatment, and patients are more likely to have good clinical outcomes and successful reperfusion, according to a study published online May 13 in the Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery.
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Lack of Post-MI Discharge Advice Hinders Sexual Activity
TUESDAY, May 15 (HealthDay News) -- Less than half of patients who suffer an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receive instruction regarding resuming sexual activity on hospital discharge, with those who do not receive instruction more likely to report loss of sexual activity, according to a study published in the May 15 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology.
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Acupuncture Tied to Improved Dyspnea on Exertion in COPD
TUESDAY, May 15 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acupuncture appears to improve dyspnea on exertion, according to a study published online May 14 in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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Screening for Retinopathy Every Two Years Deemed Safe
TUESDAY, May 15 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with type 2 diabetes without evidence of retinopathy, increasing the screening interval to every two years yields no increased risk of retinopathy-mediated vision loss and reduces screening costs, according to a study published online May 7 in Diabetes Care.
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Trail Making Test Performance Predicts Post-Stroke Mortality
TUESDAY, May 15 (HealthDay News) -- Poor executive performance, as measured with the Trail Making Test (TMT)-A and -B, can identify elderly men who are at higher risk of death after a first-ever stroke, according to a study published online May 9 in BMJ Open.
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U.S. Lifetime Prevalence of Sleep Walking ~30 Percent
TUESDAY, May 15 (HealthDay News) -- The lifetime prevalence of nocturnal wandering with abnormal state of consciousness (NW) is approximately 30 percent in the U.S. general population, according to a study published in the May 15 issue of Neurology.
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CT Colonography Accurate for 10 mm Adenomas
MONDAY, May 14 (HealthDay News) -- For patients at average-to-moderate risk of colon cancer, computed tomographic colonography (CTC) accurately detects adenomas 10 mm or larger, but not smaller lesions, according to a study published in the May 15 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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Post-SES Implantation, Statins Prevent Late Revascularization
FRIDAY, May 11 (HealthDay News) -- For patients who undergo sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation, use of statin therapy is associated with a reduced risk of late target lesion revascularization (TLR), according to a study published in the May 15 issue of The American Journal of Cardiology.
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Brain Stimulation Improves Brain Function in Alzheimer's
FRIDAY, May 11 (HealthDay News) -- Deep brain stimulation can improve brain connectivity and function in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease, and having a greater purpose in life reduces the effect of Alzheimer's pathology on cognitive function, according to one study published online May 7 in the Archives of Neurology and another study published in the May issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
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Mid- and Late-Life Depression Tied to Dementia Risk
THURSDAY, May 10 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with depressive symptoms either in midlife or late in life are at increased risk of developing dementia, according to a study published in the May issue of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
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Substantial Survival for Older Adults With Diabetes
THURSDAY, May 10 (HealthDay News) -- Middle-aged and older adults with diabetes have substantial five-year survival, with survival exceeding 50 percent for almost all age and clinical groups, according to a study published online April 6 in The Journals of Gerontology: Series A.
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Review: Physical Activity Cuts Mortality for Cancer Survivors
WEDNESDAY, May 9 (HealthDay News) -- Physical activity correlates with reduced all-cause and breast and colon cancer-specific mortality, according to a study published online May 8 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
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Older Women With A-Fib at Greater Stroke Risk Than Men
TUESDAY, May 8 (HealthDay News) -- The risk of stroke following a recent diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) in older patients is higher in women than men, regardless of warfarin use, according to a study published in the May 9 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Living Close to Major Roadway at Time of MI Ups Mortality
TUESDAY, May 8 (HealthDay News) -- For survivors of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), residential proximity to a major roadway at the time of AMI is linked to an increased risk of 10-year mortality, according to a study published in the May 8 issue of Circulation.
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Zinc May Shorten Duration of Common Cold in Adults
MONDAY, May 7 (HealthDay News) -- Oral zinc may shorten the duration of symptoms associated with the common cold in adults, but adverse effects are common, according to a review published online May 7 in CMAJ, the journal of the Canadian Medical Association.
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Exercise Training Reduces Muscle Proteolysis in CHF
MONDAY, May 7 (HealthDay News) -- Increased expression of MuRF-1, a component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, is associated with chronic heart failure, and exercise training reduces MuRF-1 levels, according to a study published online May 7 in Circulation.
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Computer Use + Exercise Lower Mild Cognitive Impairment Risk
FRIDAY, May 4 (HealthDay News) -- The combination of engaging in moderate exercise and using a computer significantly reduces the likelihood of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among the elderly, according to a study published in the May issue of the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
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Gene Variants Linked to Hot Flashes in Women Who Smoke
FRIDAY, May 3 (HealthDay News) -- Variants in genes that metabolize sex steroids are associated with a greater frequency or severity of hot flashes in older women who smoke, according to a study published online March 30 in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
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Complementary Medicine Not Tied to Prostate Cancer Outcome
FRIDAY, May 4 (HealthDay News) -- Although widely used, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) does not impact patient satisfaction with treatment or patient-reported outcomes after treatment for localized prostate cancer, according to a study published in the May issue of Urology.
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Many COPD Comorbidities Independently Tied to Mortality
FRIDAY, May 4 (HealthDay News) -- Twelve comorbidities that include cancer and cardiovascular problems are associated with a higher risk of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to a study published online May 3 in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.
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Endotoxemia Influenced by Diet Type
THURSDAY, May 3 (HealthDay News) -- A Western-style diet is associated with increased levels of endotoxin activity (endotoxemia), and a prudent-style diet (containing moderately greater amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C, and vitamin E than the Western-style diet) is linked to reduced endotoxemia, according to a study published in the May issue of Gastroenterology.
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TAVI Is a Reasonable Option for High-Risk Elderly Patients
THURSDAY, May 3 (HealthDay News) -- For high-risk elderly patients with aortic stenosis, transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) is a reasonable option, according to a study published in the May 3 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Omega-3 Intake Linked With Reduced Plasma β-Amyloid 42
WEDNESDAY, May 2 (HealthDay News) -- Higher intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is correlated with lower plasma levels of β-amyloid (Aβ)42, according to a study published online May 2 in Neurology.
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Body Fat Linked to Reduced Fracture Risk for Women
WEDNESDAY, May 2 (HealthDay News) -- Higher body fat mass is associated with a reduced risk of fracture among women, but not men, according to a study published in the May issue of the Journal of Internal Medicine.
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Asthma Has Adverse Effect on Physical Health in Elderly
WEDNESDAY, May 2 (HealthDay News) -- Older adults with asthma have decreased lung function, increased rates of allergic sensitization, and worse quality of life than healthy controls, according to a study published in the May issue of the Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.
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Breast Brachytherapy May Not Be Best Choice in Older Women
TUESDAY, May 1 (HealthDay News) -- For older women with invasive breast cancer, treatment with brachytherapy following a lumpectomy is associated with a decreased likelihood of long-term breast preservation and an increased likelihood of complications, but no difference in overall survival, compared to whole-breast irradiation (WBI) treatment, according to a study published in the May 2 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Methodological Heterogeneity Seen in Clinical Trials
TUESDAY, May 1 (HealthDay News) -- Clinical studies registered with ClinicalTrials.gov from 2007 and 2010 are predominately small, single-center trials and contain significant heterogeneity in methodology, according to a study published in the May 2 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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A Third of Adults With Arthritis Have Anxiety, Depression
TUESDAY, May 1 (HealthDay News) -- One-third of U.S. adults with physician-diagnosed arthritis report having anxiety or depression, with anxiety more prevalent than depression, according to a study published online May 1 in Arthritis Care & Research.
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Index Identifies Clot Risk in Outpatient Surgery Patients
TUESDAY, May 1 (HealthDay News) -- Using a weighted risk index, the highest-risk outpatient surgery patients have an almost 20-fold increase in risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) requiring therapy, according to a study published online April 13 in the Annals of Surgery.
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Hospital Strategies Linked to Lower Mortality After Acute MI
TUESDAY, May 1 (HealthDay News) -- Five specific hospital performance strategies have been identified that result in lower 30-day risk-standardized mortality rates (RSMRs) for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), according to a study published in the May 1 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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