Here are what the editors at HealthDay consider to be the most important developments in Pathology for June 2012. This roundup includes the latest research news from journal articles, as well as the FDA approvals and regulatory changes that are the most likely to affect clinical practice.
Fluticasone Improves Histologic Eosinophilia in Esophagitis
FRIDAY, June 29 (HealthDay News) -- Swallowing aerosolized fluticasone improves histologic eosinophilia but does not improve dysphagia symptoms in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), according to a study published online in the July issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
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Aspirin Use Linked to Reduced Risk of Barrett's Esophagus
THURSDAY, June 28 (HealthDay News) -- Current aspirin users have a significantly reduced risk of being diagnosed with Barrett's esophagus (BE) on first endoscopy compared with nonusers, according to a study published in the July issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
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Multi-Biomarker Test Measures Level of RA Activity
THURSDAY, June 28 (HealthDay News) -- A novel multi-biomarker disease activity (MBDA) test consistently distinguishes patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with different categories of disease activity, according to a study published online June 26 in Arthritis Care & Research.
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Supreme Court Upholds Health Care Reform Law
THURSDAY, June 28 (HealthDay News) -- The U.S. Supreme Court voted June 28 to uphold the constitutionality of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), which has been the subject of debate and multiple lawsuits since its 2010 inception.
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Hyperinsulinemia in Early Adulthood Tied to Later HTN
THURSDAY, June 28 (HealthDay News) -- Young adults with hyperinsulinemia are significantly more likely to have hypertension (HTN) later in life, regardless of sex, ethnicity, or body weight, according to a study published in the July issue of Diabetes Care.
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Environmental Risks ID'd for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
WEDNESDAY, June 27 (HealthDay News) -- Smoking, head injury, pesticide exposure, and farming are potential environmental and lifestyle risk factors for developing idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), according to research published online June 27 in Neurology.
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Bacterial Vaginosis Linked to Increased HIV-1 Transmission
WEDNESDAY, June 27 (HealthDay News) -- Bacterial vaginosis is associated with a three-fold higher risk of HIV-1 transmission from infected women to their uninfected male partners, according to a study published online June 26 in PLoS Medicine.
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Oxytocin Levels Linked to Behavior in Williams Syndrome
WEDNESDAY, June 27 (HealthDay News) -- In patients with Williams Syndrome, which is characterized by a deletion of nearly 30 genes and altered social behaviors, levels of the neuropeptide oxytocin are associated with the altered behaviors, according to a study published online June 12 in PLoS One.
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Prenatal Exposure to Butylbenzyl Phthalate Linked to Eczema
WEDNESDAY, June 27 (HealthDay News) -- Prenatal exposure to butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), as assessed by increased concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) in the urine, is associated with an increased risk of early-onset eczema in offspring, according to a study published online June 26 in Environmental Health Perspectives.
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Specific Solvents May Increase Risk of Parkinson's Disease
WEDNESDAY, June 27 (HealthDay News) -- Exposure to specific solvents is associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease, according to a study published in the June issue of the Annals of Neurology.
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Nomogram Developed to Estimate Early Breast Cancer Survival
WEDNESDAY, June 27 (HealthDay News) -- A nomogram has been developed to predict five- and 10-year mastectomy-free survival (MFS) in older women with early breast cancer and estimate the predicted benefit of radiation therapy (RT) following conservative surgery (CS), according to research published online June 25 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Duplicate Payments by Federal Government Increasing
WEDNESDAY, June 27 (HealthDay News) -- The federal government spends a substantial and increasing amount on individuals who are dually enrolled in separate managed care programs (the Veterans Affairs health care system [VA] and Medicare Advantage plan [MA]), according to a study published online June 26 in the Journal of the American Medical Association to coincide with presentation at the Annual Research Meeting of AcademyHealth, held from June 24 to 26 in Orlando, Fla.
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Use of Electronic Records Tied to Fewer Malpractice Claims
TUESDAY, June 26 (HealthDay News) -- Use of electronic health records (EHRs) is associated with fewer medical malpractice claims among physicians from multiple surgical and medical specialties, according to a research letter published online June 25 in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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Copy Number Variations May Be Linked to Alcohol Dependence
TUESDAY, June 26 (HealthDay News) -- Copy number variations (CNVs) on two chromosomes may be associated with alcohol dependence, according to research published online June 15 in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research.
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Olmesartan May Be Linked to Spruelike Enteropathy
TUESDAY, June 26 (HealthDay News) -- Patients treated with olmesartan may develop a severe form of spruelike enteropathy, which improves after suspension of the drug, according to research published online June 25 in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
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New Global Estimate Ups Number of H1N1-Linked Deaths
TUESDAY, June 26 (HealthDay News) -- The estimated number of global respiratory and cardiovascular deaths associated with the 2009 pandemic influenza A H1N1 is higher than the number of laboratory-confirmed deaths, according to a modeling study published online June 26 in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
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Ozone Exposure Causes Negative Cardiovascular Changes
MONDAY, June 25 (HealthDay News) -- Ozone exposure in healthy young adults causes an increase in vascular markers of inflammation, changes in fibrinolytic markers that could potentially impair fibrinolysis, and changes in autonomic control of heart rate, according to a study published online June 25 in Circulation.
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Early Vaccinations Not Linked to Celiac Disease in Sweden
MONDAY, June 25 (HealthDay News) -- Early vaccinations do not seem to influence the risk of celiac disease (CD) among infants, nor do changes in the vaccination program explain the CD epidemic, according to a Swedish study published online June 25 in Pediatrics.
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Absolute Incretin Effect Reduced in Type 2 Diabetes
MONDAY, June 25 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the absolute incretin effect is reduced compared with healthy individuals, but its relative importance is increased, particularly in first-phase insulin secretion, according to a study published online June 20 in Diabetes.
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Pandemic Bird Flu Transmissible by Air in Ferrets
FRIDAY, June 22 (HealthDay News) -- Five mutations in a pandemic avian influenza virus can allow airborne transmission of the virus between ferrets, according to a study in the June 22 issue of Science.
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Half of Residents Report Working While Sick
THURSDAY, June 21 (HealthDay News) -- About half of residents have worked while sick, with many reporting feeling obligated to colleagues and patients, according to a research letter published online June 18 in the Archives of Internal Medicine.
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Genetic Contribution Detected in Responses to Opioids
THURSDAY, June 21 (HealthDay News) -- The responses to opioid drugs, such as nausea, respiratory depression, and drug liking or disliking, have a significant inherited component, according to a study published in the July issue of Anesthesiology.
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Accuracy of Melanoma Detection Up in Specialized Clinics
WEDNESDAY, June 20 (HealthDay News) -- From 1998 to 2007, the accuracy of melanoma detection improved in specialized but not non-specialized clinical settings, according to research published in the July issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
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Diabetes Linked to Increased Cause-Specific Mortality
WEDNESDAY, June 20 (HealthDay News) -- Diabetes is linked with a significantly increased risk of death from many diseases, including specific cancers, in both men and women, according to a study published online June 14 in Diabetes Care.
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Periodontitis Linked to HPV-Positive Head, Neck Tumors
WEDNESDAY, June 20 (HealthDay News) -- For patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) there is an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive tumors among those with a history of periodontitis, according to a study published online June 18 in the Archives of Otolaryngology -- Head & Neck Surgery.
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Smoking Increases Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
WEDNESDAY, June 20 (HealthDay News) -- Smoking increases the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma but is not associated with an increased risk of basal cell carcinoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis published online June 18 in the Archives of Dermatology.
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Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Grade IDs Melanoma Survival
WEDNESDAY, June 20 (HealthDay News) -- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) grade is an independent predictor of melanoma-specific survival and sentinel lymph node (SLN) status in patients with localized primary cutaneous melanoma, according to a study published online June 18 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Emerging Lipoprotein Markers Slightly Up CVD Risk Detection
TUESDAY, June 19 (HealthDay News) -- The addition of certain apolipoproteins and lipoproteins to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores containing total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) slightly improves CVD risk prediction, according to a study published in the June 20 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Abnormal Fusion Transcript Linked to Prostate Cancer
TUESDAY, June 19 (HealthDay News) -- A fusion transcript generated in prostate cancers without chromosomal rearrangement is associated with prostate cancer growth and disease progression, according to a study published online June 19 in Cancer Discovery.
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Germ-Line BRCA1/2 Testing Recommended in Ovarian Cancer
TUESDAY, June 19 (HealthDay News) -- Due to the potential survival and treatment response implications of BRCA mutation status, it is recommended that germ-line BRCA1/2 testing be offered to all women diagnosed with nonmucinous ovarian carcinoma, regardless of family history, according to research published online June 18 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Research Suggests Flavocoxid Causes Acute Liver Injury
TUESDAY, June 19 (HealthDay News) -- Flavocoxid, a proprietary prescription medical food used to treat osteoarthritis, appears to cause acute liver injury within months of initiating use, according to research published in the June 19 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.
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High-Salt Diet Ups Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction
MONDAY, June 18 (HealthDay News) -- A high-sodium diet is associated with markers of endothelial dysfunction (serum uric acid [SUA] and urine albumin excretion [UAE]), and increased sodium intake in those with high levels of biomarkers correlates with an increased risk of hypertension, according to a study published online June 18 in Circulation.
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Multiple Tumor Zones Should Be Sampled in Breast Cancer
MONDAY, June 18 (HealthDay News) -- For any given patient with breast cancer, the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which has been linked to tumor development and progression, varies greatly within the same tumor and lymph node metastases, according to a study published online June 18 in The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.
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JAK3 Mutations ID'd in About One-Third of T-Cell Lymphomas
FRIDAY, June 15 (HealthDay News) -- Approximately one-third of patients with natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) harbor somatic-activating Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) mutations, according to a study published online June 15 in Cancer Discovery.
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Human Perivascular Stem Cells Superior for Bone Formation
FRIDAY, June 15 (HealthDay News) -- A population of stem cells isolated from adipose tissue can differentiate into bone more easily and efficiently than other fat cell populations, according to a study published online June 11 in Stem Cells Translational Medicine.
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Corneal Cell Transplant Can Restore Corneal Transparency
FRIDAY, June 15 (HealthDay News) -- When given together with the selective Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y-27632, transplanted corneal endothelial cells (CECs) can effectively treat damaged corneas in both rabbits and monkeys, according to an experimental study published online June 13 in The American Journal of Pathology.
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Factors ID'd in Healing Failure of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
FRIDAY, June 15 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with diabetes whose foot ulcers fail to heal have increased inflammation and aberrant growth factor levels, according to a study published online June 11 in Diabetes.
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Child Food Allergy Prevalence Linked to Urban/Rural Status
FRIDAY, June 15 (HealthDay News) -- The prevalence of childhood food allergy is associated with urban/rural status, even after adjusting for confounding variables, according to a study published online May 17 in Clinical Pediatrics.
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Testosterone Therapy Does Not Up Prostate Cancer Incidence
FRIDAY, June 15 (HealthDay News) -- Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) appears to be safe and does not increase the incidence of prostate cancer, according to a study published online June 6 in The Journal of Sexual Medicine.
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Pre-Op Breast Pain in ~28 Percent of Breast Cancer Patients
THURSDAY, June 14 (HealthDay News) -- More than a quarter of women about to undergo breast cancer surgery experience breast pain, with genetic polymorphisms in inflammatory cytokines correlating with pain, according to a study published in the May issue of The Journal of Pain.
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Autologous Recellularization of a Vein Transplant Feasible
THURSDAY, June 14 (HealthDay News) -- A new technique involving recellularization of a deceased donor vein graft with autologous stem cells may be a viable option for patients who require a vein graft, according to a proof-of-concept study published online June 14 in The Lancet.
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Socioeconomic Correlates of Plague ID'd in New Mexico
THURSDAY, June 14 (HealthDay News) -- Changing socioeconomic indicators seem to correlate with temporal changes in the distribution of Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) cases in New Mexico, according to a study published in the July issue of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Emerging Infectious Diseases.
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New Peri-Op Approach Accurately IDs Melanoma in Nail Matrix
THURSDAY, June 14 (HealthDay News) -- Intraoperative reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) can be used to diagnose melanonychia striata in the nail matrix, according to a study published online June 7 in the British Journal of Dermatology.
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Whole-Genome Sequencing Can Identify MRSA Outbreaks
WEDNESDAY, June 13 (HealthDay News) -- High throughput, whole-genome sequencing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates can provide important phylogenetic information in a clinically relevant time frame, according to a study published in the June 14 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Telomeres Longer in Offspring of Older Fathers/Grandfathers
WEDNESDAY, June 13 (HealthDay News) -- Increased paternal and paternal grandfather age at birth is associated with longer telomeres in offspring, according to a study published online June 11 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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T Cell Receptor 'Clonotypes' Key to HIV-1 Infection Control
WEDNESDAY, June 13 (HealthDay News) -- The association of particular human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) with the ability of some individuals to control HIV-1 infection is modulated by clones of T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) with specific phenotypes (clonotypes), according to a study published online June 10 in Nature Immunology.
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Gender Gap Exists in Physician Researchers' Salaries
TUESDAY, June 12 (HealthDay News) -- A survey of mid-career academic physician researchers shows that gender differences in salary exist even after adjusting for differences in specialty, institutional characteristics, academic productivity, academic rank, and work hours, according to a study published in the June 13 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Susceptibility Loci Identified for Migraine Without Aura
MONDAY, June 11 (HealthDay News) -- Genome-wide association analysis has identified susceptibility loci for migraine without aura, two of which overlap with previously reported migraine loci, according to a study published online June 10 in Nature Genetics.
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Gene Mutations May Predict Breast CA Treatment Response
MONDAY, June 11 (HealthDay News) -- Genetic mutations present in women with breast cancer may be able to predict whether the tumor will respond to treatment, according to a study published online June 10 in Nature.
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Two Groups of Cells ID'ed in Healing Potential of Omentum
FRIDAY, June 8 (HealthDay News) -- Immunomodulatory myeloid-derived suppressor cells and omnipotent stem cells are two of the groups of cells in the omentum which are involved in tissue repair, according to an experimental study published online June 6 in PLoS One.
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Neural Stem Cells Generated Directly From Fibroblasts
FRIDAY, June 8 (HealthDay News) -- Neural stem cells can be generated directly from skin cells by reprogramming with a single factor, according to an experimental study published online June 7 in Cell Stem Cell.
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Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA Accurately IDs Trisomy Risk
FRIDAY, June 8 (HealthDay News) -- A noninvasive method involving chromosome-selective sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and assessment of individual risk detects trisomy 18 and 21 with high sensitivity, according to a study published online June 4 in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.
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Prediabetes Linked to Increased Risk of Stroke
FRIDAY, June 8 (HealthDay News) -- Prediabetes may be associated with a higher risk of future stroke if defined as impaired glucose tolerance or a combination of impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, according to a study published online June 7 in BMJ.
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Prevalence, Predictors of Interval Colorectal Cancer ID'd
FRIDAY, June 8 (HealthDay News) -- A variety of procedural and biologic factors contribute to the development of interval colorectal cancers, seen in 7.2 percent of Medicare beneficiaries, according to a study published in the June 15 issue of Cancer.
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Marker Helps Predict Thrombotic Risk of Hormonal Contraceptives
FRIDAY, June 8 (HealthDay News) -- For women taking hormonal contraceptives, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a useful marker to estimate the risk of venous thrombosis, according to research published in the June issue of the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis.
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Elimination Diet Can Treat Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Adults
FRIDAY, June 8 (HealthDay News) -- A six-food elimination diet can successfully treat adults with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), according to a study published in the June issue of Gastroenterology.
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Vascular Diseases Linked to Newly Discovered Stem Cells
THURSDAY, June 7 (HealthDay News) -- Vascular remodeling and diseases such as atherosclerosis may be traced back to differentiation of a newly discovered vascular stem cell rather than de-differentiation of smooth muscle cells, according to a study published online June 6 in Nature Communications.
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Intranasal Insulin Linked to Reduced Food Intake
THURSDAY, June 7 (HealthDay News) -- Intranasally administered insulin is associated with higher brain energy levels and reduced calorie intake, according to a study published online May 14 in Diabetes.
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Elevated Antibody Component Tied to Worse General Survival
THURSDAY, June 7 (HealthDay News) -- Middle-aged and elderly individuals with elevated levels of immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs), without plasma cell disorders, have a two-fold higher risk of death, according to a study published in the June issue of the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
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Multidrug-Resistance Seen in ~10 Percent of TB Cases in China
WEDNESDAY, June 6 (HealthDay News) -- About one in 10 patients with tuberculosis in China has multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis; and a new drug, delamanid, is significantly better than placebo for increasing sputum-culture conversion at two months in patients with MDR tuberculosis, according to two studies published in the June 7 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Vismodegib Has Antitumor Activity in Basal Cell Carcinoma
WEDNESDAY, June 6 (HealthDay News) -- A small-molecule inhibitor of the hedgehog pathway, vismodegib, is associated with tumor response in patients with metastatic or locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (BCC); and vismodegib is efficacious for preventing and treating BCCs in patients with basal cell nevus syndrome, according to two studies published in the June 7 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.
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Circulating Tumor Cells Tied to Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer
WEDNESDAY, June 6 (HealthDay News) -- For chemo-naive patients with non-metastatic breast cancer, the presence of one or more circulating tumor cells is associated with decreased progression-free and overall survival, according to a study published online June 6 in The Lancet Oncology.
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Depression Linked to Reduced Temporofrontolimbic Coupling
WEDNESDAY, June 6 (HealthDay News) -- Patients with remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) have reduced guilt-selective temporofrontolimbic coupling between the right superior anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and subgenual cingulate cortex and adjacent septal region (SCSR), a region of interest for biases toward guilt versus indignation, according to a study published online June 4 in the Archives of General Psychiatry.
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Troponin T May Help Predict Death After Noncardiac Surgery
TUESDAY, June 5 (HealthDay News) -- Elevated peak troponin T (TnT) measurements in the first three days after noncardiac surgery are associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality, according to a study published in the June 6 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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Childhood Famine Increases Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
TUESDAY, June 5 (HealthDay News) -- Even a short period of moderate or severe undernutrition or famine during childhood or adolescence can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood, according to research published online May 29 in Diabetes.
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Gene Variants Impact Smokers' Response to Cessation Therapy
FRIDAY, June 1 (HealthDay News) -- Smokers with certain high-risk genetic variants find it more difficult to quit smoking but are more likely to respond to cessation pharmacotherapy, according to a study published online May 30 in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
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Rats Regain Ability to Walk After Spinal Cord Injury
FRIDAY, June 1 (HealthDay News) -- Rats with spinal cord injury are able to regain locomotion after electrochemical treatment and encouragement of supraspinally mediated movements, in a cortical-dependent manner, according to a study published in the June 1 issue of Science.
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Global Cancer Incidence Set to Top 20 Million Per Year by 2030
FRIDAY, June 1 (HealthDay News) -- Assuming current trends continue, the global incidence of all-cancer cases is set to increase to more than 20 million per year by 2030, according to a study published online June 1 in The Lancet Oncology.
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