THURSDAY, Jan. 3 (HealthDay News) -- Non-critically ill hospitalized patients who develop hyperglycemia after total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are more than five times more likely to die in the hospital, according to research published online Dec. 6 in Diabetes Care.

Gabriel Olveira, Ph.D., of the Carlos Haya University Hospital in Málaga, Spain, and colleagues conducted a prospective, multicenter study involving 605 non-critically ill hospitalized patients who were prescribed TPN.

The researchers found that non-critically ill hospitalized patients with average blood glucose levels above 180 mg/dL in response to TPN had a 5.6-fold increase in the risk of mortality, compared with those whose blood glucose levels remained below 140 mg/dL. This increased risk persisted even after accounting for numerous factors, including patient age, sex, nutritional status, diabetes or hyperglycemia prior to TPN, diagnosis, previous comorbidity, insulin units given, albumin, C-reactive protein, glycated hemoglobin levels, or infectious complications.

"In conclusion, the results show that hyperglycemia in non-critically ill patients receiving TPN is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. The data suggest that the goal of metabolic control in non-critically ill patients (with or without diabetes) receiving TPN should be to reach a mean blood glucose level of <180 mg/dL," the authors write. "This study opens the door to further prospective studies in non-critically ill patients to determine whether stricter blood glucose control during TPN infusion improves the outcome for the patients and reduces mortality."

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